Vinresan resdag 3
DAG 3 Compagnie – val
Mons – Compagnie 190 km 2 h Chateau Villandry 505 km 5 h 30 min RÄKNA 7 h
Valencienns – Compagnie 150 km 1 h 30 min Chateau Villandry 460 km 5 h Räkna 6 h
Peronne – Compagnie 90 km 60 min Chateau Villandry 410 km 4 h 40 min Räkn 5 h 30 min
Compagnie – Compagnie 7 km 10 min Chateau Villandry
Compagnie – Chateau Villandry 38 mil 4 h 23 min RÄKNA 5 h
Chateau Villandry – Saint Androny 2 h 50 körtid – Räkna 3 h 30 min
SUMMA 8 h 40 min till 10 h 30 min, Stopp 20 min och 2 h i Blois
Orleans 185 km 1 h 54 min Châtellerault 185 km 1 h 54 min
Orleans Blois 198 63 km 52 min Châtellerault 198 135 km 1 h 22 min 2h 10 min
Orleans Chenonceau 210 115 km 1 h 20 min Châtellerault 210 94 km 1 h 2 h 20 min
Orleans Clos Lucé, Amboise 204 104 km 1 h 11 min Châtellerault 204 100 km 1 h 5 min 2 h 20 min
Orleans Villandry 228 146 km 1 h 30 min Châtellerault 228 82 km 50 min 2 h 20 min
Glade of the Armistice
The Glade of the Armistice is a French national and war memorial in the Forest of Compiègne. It was built at the location where the Germans signed the Armistice of 11 November 1918 that ended WW I. WW II, Hitler chose the same spot for the French and Germans to sign the Armistice of 22 June 1940 after Germany won the Battle of France. The site was destroyed by the Germans but rebuilt after the war.
History
The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was signed in Foch’s private train in Rethondes.
Foch had convened the armistice talks deep in the forest beside the small village of Rethondes because he wanted to shield the meeting from intrusive journalists, as well as spare the German delegation any hostile demonstrations by French locals.
The carriage was put back into regular service with the Compagnie des Wagons-Lits, but after a short period it was withdrawn to be attached to the French presidential train. From April 1921 to April 1927, it was on exhibition in the Cour des Invalides in Paris.
In November 1927, this carriage was ceremonially returned to the forest in the exact spot where the Armistice was signed, a part of the newly constructed monument “the Glade of the Armistice”.
There it remained, a monument to the defeat of Imperial Germany and the triumph of France, until 22 June 1940, when German staff cars bearing Hitler, and others swept into the Clairiere and, in that same carriage, moved back to the signing-place, the World War II armistice with France was signed; this time with Germany triumphant.
Destruction of the armistice site in Compiègne
The 1918 “Alsace-Lorraine monument”, depicting a German eagle impaled by a sword, in 1940 covered with the Third Reich flag and guarded by a German soldier
A replica carriage where the armistices were signed, at the Clairière de l’Armistice museum.
The Armistice site was demolished on Hitler’s orders three days after the signing of the 1940 armistice.[6] The carriage itself was taken to Berlin as a trophy of war, along with pieces of a large stone tablet which bore the inscription; HERE ON THE ELEVENTH OF NOVEMBER 1918 SUCCUMBED THE CRIMINAL PRIDE OF THE GERMAN REICH. VANQUISHED BY THE FREE PEOPLES WHICH IT TRIED TO ENSLAVE.
The Alsace-Lorraine Monument was also destroyed and all evidence of the site was obliterated, with the notable exception of the statue of Marshal Foch: Hitler intentionally ordered it to be left intact, so that it would be honoring only a wasteland.
The railway carriage itself was later exhibited in Berlin. After the Allied advance into Germany in early 1945, the carriage was removed by the Germans for safe-keeping to the town of Crawinkel, but the detachment of the SS guarding it destroyed it by fire and buried the remains. Some pieces were however preserved by a private person; they are also exhibited at Compiègne.
After the war, the Compiègne site was restored by German POW labor. On Armistice Day 1950 a replacement carriage was re-dedicated: an identical Compagnie des Wagon-Lits carriage, No. 2439, built in 1913 in the same batch as the original and present in 1918, was renumbered No. 2419D.
Slottet i Blois
http://en.chateaudeblois.fr/
Slottet ligger mitt i staden Blois och består av flera byggnader, uppförda runt den stora slottsgården mellan 1200-talet och 1600-talet. Dess mest berömda del är spiraltrappan i Frans I:s flygel. Det har varit många kungars residens men är även den plats dit Jeanne d’Arc begav sig 1429 för att bli välsignad av ärkebiskopen av Reims innan hon och hennes armé fördrev engelsmännen ut ur Orléans.
Historia
Ludvig XII
Det medeltida slottet blev ett kungligt residens och den politiska huvudstaden i kungariket under Ludvig XII. I början av 1500-talet påbörjade kungen en ombyggnad av slottet och skapandet av en renässanspark. 1890 förstördes parkerna då Victor Hugo-avenyn byggdes.
Flygeln är byggd av tegel och gråsten och bildar huvudentrén till slottet. Ovanför entrén finns en staty av kungen. Även om arkitekturen till största delen är gotisk så finns det detaljer som är från renässansen, som till exempel en liten ljuskrona.
Frans I
När Frans I kom till makten fick hans hustru, Claude av Frankrike, honom att renovera slottet med avsikten att flytta dit från slottet i Amboise. Frans I påbörjade byggnationen av en ny flygel och skapade ett av den periodens viktigaste bibliotek i slottet. Efter att hans fru avlidit 1524, tillbringade han väldigt lite tid på slottet och det stora biblioteket flyttades till slottet i Fontainebleau där det användes för att skapa Bibliothèque Nationale (statsbiblioteket).
I denna flygel utmärks arkitekturen och ornamenteringen av italienska influenser. I mitten finns den stora spiraltrappan som är beklädd med skulpturer ut mot slottsgården. Baksidan av flygeln utgörs av Logesfasaden som karaktäriseras av en rad osammanhängande mönster.
Henrik III
Henrik III, som fördrevs från Paris under hugenottkrigen, bodde på slottet och höll där den franska stadsförsamlingens möte 1576 och 1588. Det var under det mötet som han lät avrätta sin ärkefiende Henrik av Guise.
Henrik IV[
Efter Henrik III innehades slottet av den förste bourbonske kungen, Henrik IV. När han dog blev slottet en plats i exil för hans hustru Maria av Medici.
Gaston, hertig av Orléans[
1626 gav Ludvig XIII slottet till sin bror, Gaston d’Orléans som bröllopsgåva. 1635 påbörjades ett nytt försök att bygga ut slottet men när Gaston avled 1660, så upphörde byggnationerna. Uppgiften att fortsätta utbyggnaden gavs till den då kände arkitekten François Mansart. Flygeln bildar den bakre delen av slottsgården och ligger mitt emot Ludvig XII:s flygel. Mittsektionen består av tre horisontella plan där doriska, joniska och korintiska kolonner kan ses.
Vid tiden för den franska revolutionen hade slottet varit övergivet i mer än 130 år. Det beslutades att slottet skulle rivas men blev i stället ett militärresidens.
Château de Blois
Built in the middle of the town that it effectively controlled, the château of Blois comprises several buildings constructed from the 13th to the 17th century around the main courtyard.
It has 564 rooms and 75 staircases although only 23 were used frequently. There is a fireplace in each room. There are 100 bedrooms.
History
Counts of Blois[edit]
The “Salle des États Généraux”, built in the beginning of the 13th century, is one of the oldest seignoral rooms preserved in France, and is also the largest remaining civilian Gothic room. The room was used as a court of justice by the Counts of Blois, and was used in 1576 and 1588 for the “États Généraux”.
Louis XII
The medieval castle was purchased in 1391 by Louis I, duc d’Orléans, brother of Charles VI; after Louis’ assassination, his widow, Valentina Visconti, retired to this castle at Blois. It was later inherited by their son, Charles d’Orléans the poet, who was taken prisoner at Agincourt and spent twenty-five years as a hostage in England, before returning to his beloved Blois, which he partly rebuilt as a more commodious dwelling. It became the favourite royal residence and the political capital of the kingdom under Charles’ son, King Louis XII. At the beginning of the 16th century, the king initiated a reconstruction of the main block of the entry and the creation of an Italian garden in terraced parterres that occupied the present Place Victor Hugo and the site of the railway station. In 1890 the construction of the Avenue Victor Hugo destroyed the remainder of the gardens.
This wing, of red brick and grey stone, forms the main entrance to the château, and features a statue of the mounted king above the entrance. Although the style is principally Gothic, as the profiles of mouldings, the lobed arches and the pinnacles attest, there are elements of Renaissance architecture present, such as a small chandelier.
François I[edit]
When Francis I took power in 1515, his wife Queen Claude had him refurbish Blois with the intention of moving to it from the Château d’Amboise. Francis initiated the construction of a new wing and created one of the period’s most important libraries in the castle. But, after the death of his wife in 1524, he spent very little time at Blois and the massive library was moved to the royal Château de Fontainebleau where it was used to form the royal library that forms the core now of the Bibliothèque Nationale de France.
In this wing, the architecture and ornamentation are marked by Italian influence. At the centre is the monumental spiral staircase, covered with fine bas-relief sculptures and looking out onto the château’s central court. Behind this wing is the façade of the Loges, characterised by a series of disconnected niches.
Henry III[edit]
King Henry III, driven from Paris during the French Wars of Religion, lived at Blois and held the Estates-General convention there in 1576 and 1588. It was during this convention that the king had his arch-enemy, Henry I, Duke of Guise, assassinated by the king’s bodyguard known as “the Forty-five”, when the duke came to the Chateau for a meeting with Henry in December 1588. They also killed the Duke’s brother Louis II, Cardinal of Guise the following day in the dungeons.
Henry IV[edit]
After this, the castle was occupied by Henry IV, the first Bourbon monarch. On Henry’s death in 1610, it became the place of exile for his widow, Marie de Medici, when she was expelled from the court of her son, Louis XIII.
Gaston d’Orléans[edit]
In 1626, King Louis XIII gave the Château of Blois to his brother Gaston duc d’Orléans as a wedding gift. In 1635 there was another attempt to develop the castle but on Gaston’s death in 1660, it was abandoned. The task of developing this wing was given to François Mansart, a well-known architect of the time. This wing makes up the rear wall of the court, directly opposite the Louis XII wing. The central section is composed of three horizontal layers where the superposition of Doric, Ionic and Corinthian orders can be seen.
By the time of the French Revolution the immense castle had been neglected for more than one hundred and thirty years. The content, many of its statues, royal emblems and coats of arms of the palace was removed. In a state of near total disrepair it was scheduled to be demolished but was given a reprieve as a military barracks.
Preservation as a monument[edit]
In 1841, under the direction of King Louis-Philippe, the Château de Blois was classified as a historic monument. It was restored under the direction of the architect Felix Duban, to whom is due the painted decoration on walls and beamed ceilings. The château was turned into a museum. On view for visitors are the supposed poison cabinets of Catherine de’ Medici. Most likely this room, the “chamber of secrets”, had a much more banal purpose: exhibiting precious objects for guests.
Today, the château is owned by the town of Blois and is a tourist attraction.